A work permit is an official document issued by a government that allows a foreign national to legally work in a specific country for a designated period. This permit is typically required for individuals who are not citizens or permanent residents of the country where they seek employment.
Work permit vs work visa
“Work permit” and “work visa” are often used interchangeably, but they serve different purposes and are issued through different processes, even though both are often necessary for foreign nationals to work legally in another country.
- Work visa: A work visa is an official authorization attached to a passport that allows the bearer to enter and stay in a foreign country for work purposes. It is typically obtained from the embassy or consulate of the country where the individual intends to work before traveling there. Work visas are broadly divided into two categories: immigrant and nonimmigrant visas.
- Work permit: A work permit is a separate document that grants permission to work in the host country. It is often required in addition to a work visa and is usually applied for after arriving in the country or as part of the work visa application process.
What is an Employment Authorization Document (EAD)?
An Employment Authorization Document (EAD) is a specific type of work permit issued by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). It allows foreign nationals in certain immigration statuses to work legally in the United States. The EAD is commonly issued to individuals such as those with pending visa applications awaiting an adjustment of status, those in the country on certain visas, and spouses of certain visa holders.
Who needs a work permit?
Work permits for foreign workers
Foreign nationals who are not citizens or permanent residents of a country typically need a work permit to be employed legally in that country. This applies to many different types of workers, including professionals, skilled workers, and temporary or seasonal employees.
Work permits for minors
In many countries, minors (individuals under the age of 18) need work permits to be legally employed. Permits help ensure that their employment complies with child labor laws and regulations, which often restrict the type of work, hours, and conditions under which minors can work.
In the US, some child labor regulations are covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act, a federal law. Other permit requirements vary by state, meaning a work permit may be required by the Department of Labor for minors under certain ages or working in certain industries. For example, California requires permits for all minors under 18 years of age who work in the entertainment industry, while Ohio requires the DOL to issue an employment certificate for any 16- or 17-year-old to work when their high school is in session.
How to apply for a work permit
The process of applying for a work permit varies by country but generally involves following steps like these:
- Determine eligibility. The worker obtaining the permit should check the requirements for obtaining a work permit in the country where they want to work.
- Gather documentation. Next, they should prepare necessary documents for their work permit application. These will vary depending on the country, but may include a passport, birth certificate, contact information, a job offer from a prospective employer, proof of qualifications, and any other required forms.
- Submit application. The next step is to submit their application for employment authorization to the relevant government agency, which may include an immigration office, service center, or labor department.
- Pay fees. Work permit applications generally require processing fees.
- Wait for approval. Processing times can vary widely.
What happens when your work permit expires?
Can you renew or extend your work permit?
In many cases, work permits can be renewed or extended. The process usually involves submitting a renewal application before the current permit expires, providing updated documentation, and paying any required fees. It is important to apply for renewal well in advance to avoid any lapse in legal work status.
What happens if you work without a work permit?
Working without a valid work permit is illegal in most countries and can result in serious consequences, including fines, deportation, and being barred from future entry. Employers who hire individuals without valid work permits can also face significant penalties
Frequently asked questions about work permits
Still have questions about work permits? Read more in the FAQs below.
Do you need a work permit in every country?
Yes, most countries require foreign nationals to obtain a work permit to be employed legally. The specific requirements vary, as each country has its own process to issue work permits.
Read more about the work permits in Canada, India, Australia, the United Kingdom and more.
Are there different kinds of work permits?
Yes, there are different kinds of work permits depending on the type of work, the duration of employment, and the individual's immigration status and work experience. Examples include temporary work permits, seasonal work permits, and permits for specific professions.
There are also work permits for youth employment, which are required in some countries and states to comply with child labor laws. These permits ensure that minors (children under age 18) only work in jobs that comply with child labor regulations, which may limit their work hours (like prohibiting work during the school day) or prevent them from working in certain dangerous occupations or industries.
How much does it cost to get a work permit?
The cost of obtaining a work permit varies by country and can depend on factors such as the type of permit and the applicant's nationality. Fees can range from modest administrative charges to significant amounts.
How long does it take to get a work permit?
The processing time for issuance of a work permit can vary widely depending on the country and the specific circumstances of the application. It can take anywhere from a few weeks to several months.
How long is a work permit valid?
It depends on the country and the type of permit issued. It can range from a few months to several years. Some work permits are renewable, while others are not.
Is a work permit a form of ID?
No, a work permit is not typically considered a form of identification like a driver’s license or social security number would be. While it proves authorization to work in a specific country, it usually needs to be accompanied by a valid passport or another form of ID.
Disclaimer: Rippling and its affiliates do not provide tax, accounting, or legal advice. This material has been prepared for informational purposes only, and is not intended to provide or be relied on for tax, accounting, or legal advice. You should consult your own tax, accounting, and legal advisors before engaging in any related activities or transactions.